System for supplying mixtures to gas-turbines.



A. SCHWARZ.

SYSTEM FOR SUPPLYING MIXTURES TO GAS TURBINES.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 8. ms.

1 ,88,69 6, Patented Dec. 24, 1918.

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APPLICATION FILED MAY 8. I915.

Patented Dec. 24, 1918.

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ALFRED SCHWARZ, 0F NEN YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO WILLIAM SCULLY, TRUSTEE,OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

SYSTEM FOR SUPPLYING MIXTURES T0 GAS-TURBINES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 2411,1918.

Application filed may 8, 1915. SerialNo. 26,685.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALFRED ScHwARz, a subject of the Emperor of Germany,residing at New York, in the county and State of New York, haveinventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Systems for Supplying ExplosiveMixtures to Gas Engines and Turbines, of which the following is a full,clear, and exact description.

The invention which constitutes the subject matter of this applicationrelates to a system of supplying an explosive mixture to an internalcombustion engine, or to a turbine, independently of the suction ofeither and preferably under pressure.

Referring to the drawings:

Figure 1 is a side view in perspective with parts in section of theinvention employed in connection with a gas engine.

Fig. 2 shows the device employed in connection with a turbine.

The system briefly outlined above consists of first, means to heat thefuel, a liquid hydro-carbon fuel such as kerosene or gasolene beingemployed. This heating means is preferably an ordinary flash boiler 10inserted in the exhaustline of the motor provided with an auxiliaryburner 11 which may be utilized to start the cycle of operation, and itwill be understood that in heating the fuel a vapor is produced similarto steam in a boiler. A constant pressure is preferably maintained andthis vaporized fuel is carried off by a pipe 12, controlled by valve 13,to a convenient point of intake to the engine. Some means must of coursebe provided to mix the free air with the gas and for this pur ose aVenturian tube 14.- is employed, whic serves also the pur- .pose of.holding and regulating predetermined pressures in the chamber betweenthe intake valve 15 of the cylinder and the tube itself. On the vacuumside of the Venturian tube suitable means, such as valve 16, areemployed to regulate the intake of free air, but it will be understoodthat such regulation is only necessary when the initial adjustment ofthe device is made. Thereafter the inflow of the gas under pressurethrough a jet 17 arranged in the center of the Venturian tube willordinarily maintain the proper proportion of the mixture. Suitable meanssuch as a pump 18, may be under pressure.

From what has just been said it can be readily seen in using the devicethat the flow of gas is entirely independent of the speed of the engine19, and at a given speed of the engine any desired volume of gas may besupplied to the engine by proper adjustment or manipulation of the valve13. The expansion of the hot hydro-carbon vapor and the addition ofatmospheric air are sufficient to produce temperatures lowenough to bewithin the range of standard practice. Furthermore the temperatures canbe slightly varied, with suitable means, according to atmosphericconditions, as for instance by taking the air from either thesurrounding hot parts of the engine.

One of the important features of this system consists in the fact thatthe fuel is not mechanically sprayed into the column of air :carbonengine may be initially started on this fuel. 7

In the suction system the exhaust valve, after the exhaust stroke, mustbe instantly closed in order to create a suction for the incoming gas,thus keeping the foul gas contained in the clearance or compression sideof the cylinder from being discharged. In my system, however, theexhaust valve may be allowed to remain open while the intake valve isopen, and if the valves are properly arranged the incoming gas willserve as a scavenger for the cylinder. It can readily be seen thereforethat if more of the residual gas is removed from the cylinder lowertemperatures may be obtained in the explosion chamber which tends toreduce the danger of premature explosion. In addition more of thecombustible mixture is placed in the cylinder, which necessarily resultsin more power. At low loads the engine may be operated on a vacuum atthe,v intake, while at maximum loads the engine the construction ofparts andthe material used.

The invention is also adapted for use in gas turbines, as is clearlyillustrated in Fig. 2, in which case the explosion may-take place at theexpanding portion 25 of the V enturian tube, thus forming the nozzle.Any desired form of igniter 26 may be employed for igniting tlllelcarbureted mixture contained in the explosion chamber of the Venturiantube; that is to say, the nozzle of the tube is directed toward thevanes 27 of the turbine wheel 28. The further parts of this figurecorrespond to the parts already described in connection with Fig. 1 andthese corresponding parts have been correspondingly numbered.

It will be understood by those skilled in this art that theconstructions shown and described are more or less diagrammatic and thatvarious changes may be made therein in points of detail and otherembodiments resorted to without necessarily deviating from the truespirit and scope of my invention.

What I claim to be new and desire to cover by Letters Patent is asfollows:

1., The system of forming combustible mixtures from liquidhydro-carbons, consisting of means to vaporize said hydro-carbonsthrough the agency of heat, means for discharging said vapors b one ormore pressure jets through a en-turian tu be connected With the intakeof a turbine, means for supplying air to the vacuum portion of theVenturian tulbe, means to supply messes liquid hydrocarbon to theheating means siting of means to vaporize said hydro-carbons through theagency of heat, under confinement, means to retain said gasesunderpressure, means to discharge saijd gases into a Venturian tube theexpanding portion of Which is connected with the intake of a turbine,means for supplying air to the vacuum portion of the Venturian tube,means to regulate said supply of air,-and means for igniting the mixturein the expanding portion of the Venturian tube.

3. The system of forming combustible mixtures from liquid hydro-carbons,consisting' of means to gasify said substance under confinement throughthe application of heat thereby generating said gases under pres sure,means to discharge said gases by'means of a pressure jet through aVenturian tube the expanding portion of which is connected with theintake of a turbine, means for supplying air to the vacuum portion ofthe Venturian tube, means to regulate said supply of air, means toregulate and maintain predetermined pressures of the gases, said lastmentioned means being adapted to regulate the flow of said vaporizedhydrocarbon through said Venturian tube, and means in said expandingportion of the tube for igniting said mixture.

In testimony whereof I hereunto aifix my signature.

ALFRED SCHWARZ.

